How It Works
A four-layer pipeline from confidential GPU inference to permanent on-chain proof
Confidential GPU Layer
TEE-attested H200 GPUs execute model inference in a secure enclave. Model weights never leave the trusted execution environment.
ML Proof Generation
Sumcheck protocol over the M31 field verifies every matrix multiplication. GPU-parallel round reduction with CUDA kernels at 256 threads per block.
Recursive Compression
Raw proofs compress from 17MB down to ~1KB via recursive Circle STARKs. FRI commitments over circle groups yield constant-size verification.
On-Chain Settlement
Cairo verifier on Starknet validates the recursive proof. Permanent, immutable proof-of-inference stored on-chain for any model.
Technical Deep Dive
Circle STARKs, GPU kernels, and tiled proving at production scale
Sumcheck Protocol
Verifies matrix multiplications via multilinear extensions. Each A*B product is reduced to a univariate polynomial check — O(n) verifier cost for O(n^2) computation.
Circle STARKs
Arithmetic over the Mersenne-31 field (2^31 - 1). FRI commitment scheme operates on circle groups, enabling efficient polynomial evaluation and composition.
GPU Kernels
Custom CUDA kernels for sumcheck round reduction. 256 threads per block with shared-memory tree reduce. Auto-dispatches to GPU when k >= 16,384.
Tiled MatMul
Proves 5120x5120 matrices by chunking the k-dimension. Each tile produces a sub-proof, composed into a standard format. 4GB memory budget with auto-dispatch.
Supported Operations
Proving Pipeline
Watch a 14-billion parameter model go from inference to on-chain verification
How We Compare
The only ZKML prover with GPU acceleration, recursive proofs, and on-chain verification
| Prover | GPU Support | Model Size | Proving Time | On-Chain Verify | Recursive Proofs | Open Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STWO-MLOURS | Qwen3-14B | 37.64s | ||||
| zkLLM | — | 13B (limited) | ~15min | — | — | — |
| LuminAIR | — | Small models | ~5min | — | ||
| ICICLE-STWO | General circuits | Varies | — | — |
Deployed on Starknet
Live verification contracts on Starknet Sepolia — inspect and verify proofs on-chain
StweMlVerifier v3
ML model verification with SAGE payment and trusted submitter control
StweMlStarkVerifier
Recursive STARK proof verification on Starknet
Elo Cairo Verifier
Generic on-chain sumcheck verifier — pure cryptographic verification